Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a microorganism that can colonize humans?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Question 2

Which process is responsible for the majority of oxygen production on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis by microorganisms

Question 3

Why is the theory of evolution considered a 'theory' in science?

Accepted Answer

It is a well-studied and well-established natural phenomenon that is testable and has not been disproved

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of humans manipulating microorganisms for their own use?

Accepted Answer

Using yeast in bread production

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

Both are single-celled and lack a true nucleus, but archaea are distinct from bacteria

Question 6

Which two acellular infectious agents are commonly studied in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Viruses and prions

Question 7

Arrange the following microorganisms in order of increasing size: virus, bacterium, protozoan.

Accepted Answer

Virus \u003c Bacterium \u003c Protozoan

Question 8

Which of the following discoveries had the greatest impact on the development of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of restriction enzymes

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate is broken

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan – structural support in bacterial cell walls

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic common to all cells?

Accepted Answer

Contain a nucleus

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The type, number, and order of amino acids in the chain

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the binomial system of nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

The genus name is always capitalized and the species name is lowercase

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to clean up oil spills in the ocean

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine always pairs with cytosine

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of small RNAs discovered in the 2000s?

Accepted Answer

Regulating gene expression in cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce independently outside a host cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between traditional and molecular approaches to taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

Traditional taxonomy relies on physical and structural characteristics, while molecular taxonomy uses genetic information such as ssu 16S rRNA sequences

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of taxonomic categories from most general to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying DNA for forensic analysis in crime scene investigations

Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks – Study Notes

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