Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and kill infected self-cells by inducing apoptosis via perforin and granzymes.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus. Which type of adaptive immunity is primarily induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood and tissue fluids and is responsible for opsonization and complement activation?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

What is the main difference between T-dependent and T-independent antigens in the activation of B cells?

Accepted Answer

T-dependent antigens require T helper cells for B cell activation, while T-independent antigens do not.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of IgA antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Preventing pathogen attachment to mucosal surfaces

Question 6

During a secondary immune response, which antibody is produced in the greatest quantity and why?

Accepted Answer

IgG, because memory B cells rapidly differentiate into plasma cells that secrete IgG

Question 7

Which of the following outcomes is NOT a result of an antigen-antibody reaction?

Accepted Answer

Direct killing of bacteria by antibodies

Question 8

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which region of the antibody molecule is responsible for binding to host cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

Fc (stem) region

Question 10

What is the primary function of T helper 1 (TH1) cells?

Accepted Answer

Release cytokines to activate macrophages and promote inflammation

Question 11

Which process describes the proliferation of B cells that respond to a specific antigen?

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection

Question 12

A laboratory test detects high levels of IgM in a patient's serum after infection. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient is in the early stages of a primary immune response.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells are already present and can rapidly differentiate into plasma cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Accepted Answer

APCs present antigens to helper T cells via MHC class II molecules.

Question 15

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for allergic reactions due to its interaction with mast cells and basophils?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 16

A patient is exposed to a bacterial toxin. Which antibody function is most important in protecting the patient from the toxin?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of antigen-binding sites ($$n) $$and the number of antibody monomers ($$m) in $$IgM pentameric form?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 10$$

Question 18

Which cell type is responsible for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T cells.

Question 20

A patient receives an injection of preformed antibodies after exposure to rabies virus. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Chapter 17: Adaptive Immunity – Microbiology Study Notes

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