Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Clostridium difficile infections often occur after antibiotic treatment?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics diminish normal gut biota, allowing C. difficile to proliferate.

Question 2

Which chemical bond is primarily responsible for holding together the two strands of DNA in the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 7$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar molecule.

Question 5

Which functional groups are present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbons, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 7

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

What is the main chemical difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 11

A patient with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection is treated with a fecal transplant. What is the most likely reason for the success of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

The transplant restores normal gut microbiota, which outcompete C. difficile.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is NOT a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 14

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity, which allows it to surround and separate ions

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves the interaction of two or more polypeptide chains.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds form between ions of opposite charge.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structures.

Chemical Principles and Biomolecules in Microbiology

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