Question 1

Which of the following best defines immunopathology?

Accepted Answer

The study of disease states associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a result of an abnormal or undesirable immune function?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 3

A patient experiences a severe, systemic allergic reaction within minutes of a bee sting, resulting in airway obstruction and circulatory collapse. Which type of hypersensitivity is this, and what is the primary immunoglobulin involved?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity; IgE

Question 4

Which of the following is a genetic factor that increases susceptibility to atopic allergies?

Accepted Answer

Increased reactivity of mast cells

Question 5

According to the hygiene hypothesis, why do children raised on farms have lower incidences of allergies?

Accepted Answer

Their immune systems are trained by interaction with microbes, promoting tolerance.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an IgE- and/or mast-cell-mediated allergic condition?

Accepted Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 7

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which immune components are directly involved in the lysis of fetal red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

IgG, complement, and antibodies

Question 8

When is the RhoGAM shot needed to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Rh- mother, Rh+ fetus

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Type II involves antibodies binding to cell surface antigens, while type III involves immune complexes deposited in tissues.

Question 10

Which antibody type is NOT involved in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 11

A patient develops a red, itchy rash after exposure to poison ivy. Which type of hypersensitivity is this, and what is the primary immune mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Type IV; T-cell-mediated delayed response

Question 12

Which class of tissue graft is a transplant between genetically different individuals of the same species?

Accepted Answer

Allograft

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

X-chromosome inactivation in females

Question 14

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by autoantibodies binding to acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 15

A patient with a history of recurrent bacterial infections is found to have low levels of IgA but normal levels of other immunoglobulins. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Question 16

Which of the following best distinguishes primary from secondary immunodeficiency diseases?

Accepted Answer

Primary immunodeficiencies are congenital, while secondary are acquired after birth.

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common immunoglobulin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 18

A patient receives a bone marrow transplant and later develops a systemic rash and organ dysfunction. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Graft versus host disease

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of molecular mimicry leading to autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever following a streptococcal infection

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of secondary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutation in lymphoid stem cells

Disorders in Immunity: Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity, and Immunodeficiency

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