Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the heart's position in the thorax and prevent overfilling

Question 2

A patient presents with rapid accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to restricted ventricular filling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Question 3

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery

Question 4

What is the most common complication following a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 5

Which cardiac marker is most specific for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 6

A patient with chronic stable angina is most likely to have which underlying pathology?

Accepted Answer

Fixed coronary obstruction

Question 7

Which of the following is a major determinant of the extent of myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Location and extent of occlusion

Question 8

Which type of infarct involves the full thickness of the ventricular wall?

Accepted Answer

Transmural infarct

Question 9

Which of the following is a recommended lifestyle modification for the pharmacologic treatment of angina?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Question 10

Aspirin is preferred as an antiplatelet agent in coronary artery disease because it:

Accepted Answer

Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary cardiomyopathy characterized by thickening of the heart muscle and smaller chambers?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 12

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for infective endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Presence of valvular disease or prosthetic heart valves

Question 13

Which valve disorder permits backward flow of blood when the valve should be closed?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitant (incompetent) valve

Question 14

Which compensatory mechanism in heart failure can worsen symptoms over time due to excessive fluid retention and increased afterload?

Accepted Answer

Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of right-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Jugular vein distention and fluid accumulation in body tissues

Question 16

Which type of shock is characterized by insufficient blood volume, often due to severe bleeding or dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 17

Which of the following is a hallmark of septic shock compared to other forms of shock?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in systemic vascular resistance

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 19

A patient develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after septic shock. Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for ARDS?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral opacities not explained by pleural effusion or atelectasis

Question 20

Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for anaphylactic shock?

Accepted Answer

Immediate administration of epinephrine

27 Patho

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