Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Removal of $$CO_2$$

Question 2

Hypoxemia can result from which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired diffusion of gases across the alveolar-capillary membrane

Question 3

A patient presents with increased arterial $$PCO_2. $$Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood pH (acidosis)

Question 4

Which type of pneumothorax is considered a medical emergency due to pressure buildup that can compress the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Tension pneumothorax

Question 5

Pleural effusion can be diagnosed using which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of fluid found in pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Chylothorax

Question 7

Atelectasis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Collapse of part or all of the lung due to alveoli not filling with air

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms can lead to secondary atelectasis?

Accepted Answer

Obstruction of the airway by mucus or a foreign body

Question 9

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction is primarily controlled by which branch of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic (vagus nerve)

Question 10

Which of the following is a common trigger for an asthmatic attack?

Accepted Answer

Dust mites

Question 11

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of chronic bronchitis (Type B COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Frequent, thick mucus production

Question 12

Emphysema is characterized by which of the following pathophysiological changes?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar walls and loss of surface area for gas exchange

Question 13

Which genetic disorder is associated with defective chloride channels and thick, sticky mucus in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 14

A pulmonary embolism most commonly results from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Thrombus arising from deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 15

Cor pulmonale refers to:

Accepted Answer

Right-sided heart failure due to chronic lung disease and pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

Which of the following is a common sign of secondary pulmonary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral edema

Question 17

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is most likely to follow which of the following events?

Accepted Answer

Major injury or severe infection

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of ARDS?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse epithelial injury with increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane

Question 19

Which of the following treatments is essential for respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

Establishment of an airway and adequate oxygenation

Question 20

A mismatch of ventilation and perfusion in the lungs can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxemia

31 Patho

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