Question 1

Which protein is primarily responsible for recognizing the origin of replication (OriC) in bacterial DNA replication initiation?

Accepted Answer

DnaA

Question 2

During bacterial DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

DnaB helicase

Question 3

What is the main function of single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins during DNA replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Prevent re-annealing of separated DNA strands

Question 4

Which DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for the bulk of DNA synthesis during bacterial DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase III

Question 5

In bacteria, which enzyme removes RNA primers from Okazaki fragments during lagging strand synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 7

What is the role of DNA gyrase during bacterial DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during bacterial DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 9

Which of the following statements about DNA replication in eukaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication per chromosome

Question 10

What is the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Extends the 3' end of linear chromosomes to solve the end-replication problem

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the semiconservative nature of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule contains one parental and one newly synthesized strand

Question 12

In bacterial DNA replication, what is the role of the HLAP protein?

Accepted Answer

Organizes DNA into topological domains

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for resolving catenanes during bacterial DNA replication termination?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase IV

Question 14

During DNA replication, exonuclease activity is important for which process?

Accepted Answer

Proofreading and removal of mismatched nucleotides

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotes have multiple

Question 16

A mutation in the gene encoding RNase H in eukaryotes would most likely affect which step of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Removal of RNA primers during elongation

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the semiconservative model of DNA replication after one round?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{daughter} = 2N_{parent}$$, each with one old and one new strand

Question 18

Which protein is responsible for loading the helicase onto DNA during bacterial replication initiation?

Accepted Answer

DnaC

Question 19

In eukaryotic DNA replication, what is the consequence of the end-replication problem?

Accepted Answer

Progressive shortening of chromosome ends (telomeres)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of topoisomerase IV in bacterial DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Separates interlinked daughter chromosomes (catenanes) after replication

DNA Replication in Bacteria and Eukaryotes: Key Concepts and Mechanisms

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