Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is isolated and found to have a thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acids, and is highly susceptible to penicillin. Which type of cell wall does it most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It prevents phagocytosis and contributes to virulence.

Question 4

Which arrangement describes a chain of rod-shaped bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 5

A scientist observes a bacterium moving toward a chemical attractant. What change in motility is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

The runs become longer and tumbles less frequent.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a chemical component of a typical bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to penicillin than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that restricts entry of antibiotics.

Question 9

Which of the following processes requires energy input and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. Which unique structure allows this bacterium to survive harsh environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modification and transport of proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the composition of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides, lipoproteins, and phospholipids

Question 13

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cell membranes compared to prokaryotic cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of sterols

Question 15

A bacterium is observed to have a flexible, long spiral shape and moves using axial filaments. Which type of morphology does it most likely exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Spirochete

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They regulate movement of cations and provide antigenic specificity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes from high to low concentration via a transporter protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx (capsule or slime layer)?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and protection from phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the ribosomes found in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are 70S ribosomes, similar to those in prokaryotes.

Question 20

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Morphology, and Specialized Features

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