$$1 \text{ mm} = 1000 \mu\text{m}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with disproving spontaneous generation through his swan-neck flask experiment?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct binomial name for a bacterial species?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Question 5

A compound light microscope has an ocular lens of 10x and an objective lens of 40x. What is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 40 = 400$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that restricts entry of many drugs.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct order of steps when preparing a microscope slide with a bacterial specimen for Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It forms the basic structure of all cellular membranes.

Question 9

Which scientist’s work led to the development of pure culture techniques and the identification of the causative agents of tuberculosis and cholera?

Accepted Answer

Robert Koch

Question 10

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel

Question 11

Why is it important to use oil immersion when viewing bacteria under high magnification?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the refractive index between the lens and the slide, improving resolution.

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason why microorganisms are beneficial to humans?

Accepted Answer

They are essential for the nitrogen cycle and digestion.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial pili?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and DNA transfer during conjugation

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct conversion: How many micrometers ($$\mum) $$are in 1 millimeter (mm)?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ mm} = 1000 \mu	ext{m}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why Gram staining is important in medicine?

Accepted Answer

It helps determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Joseph Lister in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

He introduced antiseptic techniques in surgery.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the toxicity of solutions to cells?

Accepted Answer

A hypertonic solution causes water to leave the cell, leading to plasmolysis.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations of Microbiology (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4)

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