Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus surrounded by a membrane, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids in its cell wall. Which type of cell wall does it most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which structure allows bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions such as extreme heat or desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by a species that lacks a cell wall. Which genus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It protects the cell from phagocytosis and aids in attachment to surfaces.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of the movement of water across a bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following antibiotics targets the bacterial cell wall by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Question 8

A bacterium is found to have multiple flagella distributed over its entire surface. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are often more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that acts as a barrier to many antibiotics.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of bacterial plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for antibiotic resistance and can be transferred between cells.

Question 11

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis and shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following structures is responsible for the 'run and tumble' movement observed in motile bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 13

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

An active process where a substance is chemically modified during transport into the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the target of antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline.

Question 16

A scientist observes a bacterium with a corkscrew motion in a viscous medium. Which structure is most likely responsible for this type of motility?

Accepted Answer

Axial filaments (endoflagella)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the composition of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of facilitated diffusion in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering the cell through a specific transporter protein

Question 19

Which of the following inclusions would you expect to find in a bacterium storing phosphate for future use?

Accepted Answer

Volutin granules

Question 20

A Gram-negative bacterium is exposed to an antibiotic that disrupts the outer membrane. What is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The cell will become more susceptible to osmotic lysis due to loss of the protective barrier.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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