Question 1

According to the provided data, what is the estimated number of lives saved each year by the eradication of smallpox through vaccination?

Accepted Answer

At least 5 million

Question 2

Based on the data, which childhood vaccine has saved the greatest number of lives over the past 50 years?

Accepted Answer

Measles

Question 3

If the total number of lives saved by childhood vaccines over 50 years is $$153.84$$ million, and measles vaccines account for $$93.71$$ million of these, what percentage of the total lives saved is due to measles vaccines?

$$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{93.71}{153.84} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

Approximately 60.9\%

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the sharp decline in measles cases in the United States after 1963, as shown in the graph?

Accepted Answer

The introduction and widespread use of the measles vaccine

Question 5

A public health official wants to estimate the number of lives saved by the tetanus vaccine over 50 years. If the data shows $$27.95$$ million lives saved, what is the average number of lives saved per year?

$$	ext{Average per year} = \frac{27.95	ext{ million}}{50}$$

Accepted Answer

559,000

Question 6

Which vaccine is most likely responsible for the decline in cervical cancer deaths among US women under 25 between 1992 and 2021, as shown in the data?

Accepted Answer

HPV vaccine

Question 7

If the number of reported measles cases in the US dropped from 700,000 to less than 10,000 within a decade after the vaccine was licensed, what is the approximate percentage decrease?

$$	ext{Percentage decrease} = \frac{700,000 - 10,000}{700,000} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

98.6\%

Question 8

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data on childhood vaccines and disease incidence?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines have led to a dramatic reduction in both disease incidence and mortality.

Question 9

A country is considering discontinuing its polio vaccination program because there have been no recent cases. Based on the data, what is a likely consequence of this action?

Accepted Answer

Polio cases could re-emerge due to loss of herd immunity.

Question 10

Which of the following diseases has the lowest number of lives saved by vaccination over the past 50 years, according to the data?

Accepted Answer

Polio

Question 11

If the number of cervical cancer deaths in US women under 25 decreased from 60 to 10 per year after the introduction of the HPV vaccine, what is the percentage reduction?

$$	ext{Percentage reduction} = \frac{60 - 10}{60} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

83.3\%

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the concept of herd immunity as it relates to the data on vaccine-preventable diseases?

Accepted Answer

When a high percentage of the population is vaccinated, the spread of disease is greatly reduced, protecting even those who are not immune.

Question 13

A researcher claims that the decline in measles cases in the US after 1963 was due to improved nutrition. Based on the data, how would you evaluate this claim?

Accepted Answer

The timing of the decline coincides with the introduction of the measles vaccine, not changes in nutrition.

Question 14

If $$153.84$$ million lives were saved by childhood vaccines over 50 years, what is the average number of lives saved per year?

$$	ext{Average per year} = \frac{153.84	ext{ million}}{50}$$

Accepted Answer

3,076,800

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely public health outcome if vaccination rates for Haemophilus influenzae type B drop significantly?

Accepted Answer

An increase in cases of Haemophilus influenzae type B infections

Question 16

A country reports a sudden increase in whooping cough (pertussis) cases after a decline in vaccination coverage. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Loss of herd immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best summarizes the impact of vaccines on global health, as shown in the data?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines have prevented millions of deaths and drastically reduced the incidence of many infectious diseases.

Question 18

If the number of deaths from cervical cancer in women under 25 in the US dropped from 50 to 15 per year after the introduction of the HPV vaccine, what is the absolute reduction in deaths per year?

Accepted Answer

35

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a plausible reason for the decline in measles cases in the US after 1963?

Accepted Answer

Increased use of antibiotics

M4- Impact of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases and Public Health

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