Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense, while adaptive immunity is delayed and highly specific.

Question 2

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid tissue and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Thymus; site of T cell maturation

Question 3

A patient receives antibodies from a medical treatment after exposure to a toxin. Which type of adaptive immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 4

Which leukocyte is highly phagocytic and plays a key role in activating adaptive immune responses after maturing into a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing pathogens through antibody production

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why high fevers (above $$43^\circC or$$ $$109.4^\circF) $$are dangerous?

Accepted Answer

They cause denaturation of essential cellular enzymes and proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, exocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They present antigens to T cells, enabling antigen recognition.

Question 9

A child receives a vaccine containing an inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 10

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid tissue and its main function?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node; site of antigen presentation and immune cell activation

Question 11

Which antibody isotype is most abundant in serum and is key for complement activation, phagocytosis, and neutralization?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A sufficient percentage of a population is immune, protecting non-immune individuals

Question 13

Which of the following is a mechanical barrier of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Flushing action of urine

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for humoral immunity and what is its main effector function?

Accepted Answer

B cells; production of antibodies

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies due to memory cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Producing enzymes that inactivate the drug

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why overuse of antibiotics in agriculture contributes to antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

It selects for resistant bacteria that can spread to humans.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Activating adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens

Question 19

Which of the following is a chemical barrier of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Stomach acid

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells (CD4+) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing cytokines.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Vaccines, and Antimicrobial Drugs: Study Guide

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