Question 1

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a unicellular organism with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall, but no chloroplasts. To which kingdom does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 4

Which transport mechanism is used by immune cells such as macrophages to engulf and destroy bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a fungal infection caused by a dimorphic fungus. Which of the following best describes a dimorphic fungus?

Accepted Answer

A fungus that alternates between hyphal and yeast-like forms depending on environmental conditions.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of tubulin arranged in a 9 + 2 microtubule pattern and move in a wave-like motion.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target 70S ribosomes can affect mitochondria in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain 70S ribosomes, which are similar to bacterial ribosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Carrying out photosynthesis

Question 9

A patient presents with symptoms of ergot poisoning after consuming contaminated rye. Which fungus is responsible for producing the ergot toxin?

Accepted Answer

Claviceps purpurea

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protozoans is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protozoans are classified based on their means of motility in their mature form.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles in certain protists?

Accepted Answer

They regulate osmotic pressure to prevent cell lysis in hypotonic environments.

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fungal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell walls lack peptidoglycan and are often composed of chitin.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the life cycle of Apicomplexan protozoans such as Plasmodium species?

Accepted Answer

Their life cycle includes both sexual and asexual stages, with sporozoites as the infective stage.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 15

A patient is infected with a helminth that is segmented, flat, and ribbon-like, and acquired from undercooked beef. Which type of helminth is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cestode (tapeworm)

Question 16

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of 40S and 60S subunits.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down engulfed substances using hydrolytic enzymes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the kingdom Protista is considered a 'catchall' kingdom?

Accepted Answer

It includes a diverse group of eukaryotes that do not fit into the other three kingdoms.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of fungal spore type and its mode of formation?

Accepted Answer

Sporangiospores – formed by mitosis within a sporangium

Question 20

Which of the following structures is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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