Question 1

Which of the following environments is LEAST likely to support microbial life?

Accepted Answer

Sterilized surgical instruments

Question 2

Which scientist first described live microorganisms, referring to them as 'wee animalcules'?

Accepted Answer

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Archaea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are often found in extreme environments such as salt flats and hot springs.

Question 4

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids

Question 5

Which process best describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Site of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that is targeted by penicillin

Question 8

Which of the following structures allows bacteria to survive harsh conditions such as heat, desiccation, and chemicals?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 9

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to plasmolysis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a unique feature of Mycobacterial cell envelopes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of mycolic acids

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Motility through rotation powered by proton motive force

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They can only replicate inside a living host cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx capsule in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection against phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cell wall composition and organism?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – Algae

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of materials across the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a passive process for movement across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Carrying genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the Gram stain mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cells retain crystal violet due to thick peptidoglycan.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae allow bacteria to attach to host surfaces.

Introduction to Microbiology and Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic Cells

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