Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane. Which Gram stain result would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is primarily responsible for selective permeability and energy production?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall and instead have a sterol-enriched plasma membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following arrangements describes cocci dividing in parallel planes to form chains?

Accepted Answer

Streptococci

Question 6

A bacterium is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome if it lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and potentially lyse due to water influx.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and host tissues

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane of archaea compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoids and can form monolayers.

Question 10

Which process requires energy investment to move substances against their concentration gradient in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A Gram-negative bacterium is exposed to an antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis. Which structure may help it resist the antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane enriched with lipopolysaccharides

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why endospores are clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive extreme conditions and resist disinfection.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area (SA) and volume (V) for a spherical prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the primary site of energy production

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 16

A bacterium is observed to move in a corkscrew-like fashion. Which structure is most likely responsible for this type of movement?

Accepted Answer

Axial filament (periplasmic flagella)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that acts as a barrier to many antibiotics.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease caused by an acid-fast bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the capsule in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

It enhances virulence by protecting against phagocytosis.

Introduction to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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