Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan.

Question 2

Why are prokaryotic cells generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Their nutrients are obtained primarily through diffusion, which is more efficient with a high surface area-to-volume ratio.

Question 3

A bacterium that can change its shape depending on environmental conditions is described as:

Accepted Answer

Pleomorphic

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The cell copies its DNA, grows, forms a septum, and splits into two identical daughter cells.

Question 5

Which of the following arrangements describes chains of rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 6

A Gram-negative bacterium is more resistant to chemical agents than a Gram-positive bacterium primarily because:

Accepted Answer

It has an outer membrane that acts as a selective barrier.

Question 7

Which of the following is a clinically important acid-fast genus?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium

Question 8

What would happen to a bacterial cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

It would lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They build proteins by linking amino acids.

Question 10

Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and is important in biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this organism?

Accepted Answer

It is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, encapsulated coccus.

Question 12

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy and can move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of flagella all over the surface of a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and aiding in adhesion to surfaces

Question 15

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are dormant, highly resistant structures formed by certain bacteria.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the plasma membrane in Archaea?

Accepted Answer

It contains long-branched fatty acids and may form monolayers in extreme environments.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why acid-fast bacteria grow slowly?

Accepted Answer

Their waxy cell wall impedes the entry of nutrients and gases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a bacterial genus and its medically relevant disease caused by endospore formation?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium tetani – tetanus

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize the cell wall and help maintain cell shape.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They store useful substances such as nutrients or enzymes.

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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