Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

To provide structure and shape to the cell

Question 2

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell if it lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink and undergo plasmolysis

Question 3

Which component is unique to the cell walls of prokaryotes and provides rigidity?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 4

What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane

Question 5

Which structure allows prokaryotic cells to adhere to surfaces and sometimes to each other?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 6

A patient receives an IV saline solution, but their red blood cells appear shrunken under the microscope. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The saline solution was hypertonic

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection from host defenses and aids in attachment

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 9

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S

Question 10

Which of the following structures is responsible for the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 11

A scientist is designing a prokaryotic cell to survive in extremely cold environments and on surfaces. Which two structures would be most important to include?

Accepted Answer

Capsule and fimbriae

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell's genetic material without a surrounding membrane

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of endospores?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$across a membrane, where $$C is $$the molar concentration, $$R is $$the gas constant, and $$T is $$the temperature in Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the arrangement of cocci in Staphylococcus compared to Streptococcus?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus forms clusters, Streptococcus forms chains

Question 17

A Gram-negative bacterium is more resistant to antibiotics than a Gram-positive bacterium. Which structural feature is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of pili in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genetic material during conjugation

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why removing all microbes from Earth would be detrimental?

Accepted Answer

Microbes are essential for nutrient cycling and ecosystem balance

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Adaptation

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