Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require host cell machinery to carry out metabolic processes and protein synthesis.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new infectious agent that is composed solely of misfolded proteins and lacks nucleic acids. Which type of agent is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prion

Question 3

Which phase of the animal virus multiplication cycle is unique to animal viruses and not found in bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating

Question 4

A virus with a helical capsid and no envelope would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Helical and naked

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why exposure to nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA will NOT damage prions?

Accepted Answer

Prions are composed solely of protein and lack nucleic acids.

Question 6

Which of the following viral genomes can be immediately translated by host ribosomes upon entry into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA

Question 7

A virus is found to have a polyhedral nucleocapsid along with a helical tail and attachment fibers. Which type of virus is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Complex bacteriophage

Question 8

Which of the following is a property that distinguishes viruses from living cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack machinery for synthesizing proteins.

Question 9

During the release phase of the animal virus multiplication cycle, which process is most likely to result in gradual shedding of viruses without immediate destruction of the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Budding (exocytosis)

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of lysogeny in bacteria infected by temperate phages?

Accepted Answer

Production of toxins or enzymes due to phage genes (lysogenic conversion)

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with cervical cancer linked to a viral infection. Which virus is most likely responsible for this transformation?

Accepted Answer

Papillomavirus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of spikes on the surface of enveloped animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

They assist in attachment to host cell receptors.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical method for cultivating animal viruses in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Growth on nutrient agar plates

Question 14

A virus is classified as a member of the family Herpesviridae. According to viral nomenclature, which suffix is used for the family name?

Accepted Answer

-viridae

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease caused by prions?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome

Question 16

Which equation best represents the size range of most viruses in micrometers ($$\mu m$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.02 \leq x \leq 0.2$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered noncellular?

Accepted Answer

They lack organelles and do not possess the structures required for independent life.

Question 18

A researcher is studying a virus that can only replicate in the presence of another virus, such as adenovirus. What is this dependent virus called?

Accepted Answer

Satellite virus

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the viral capsid and envelope?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to host cell and protection of nucleic acid

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the genetic material found in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but never both.

Chapter 6-Introduction to Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Properties, and Classification

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