Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It protects bacteria from phagocytosis and helps in adherence to surfaces.

Question 2

Which component is found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria but not in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acid

Question 3

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to lysozyme. Which cell wall component is most likely altered?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer that is targeted by penicillin.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 6

A bacterium is observed to have a spiral shape under the microscope. Which term best describes its morphology?

Accepted Answer

Spirillum

Question 7

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to heat, desiccation, and chemicals.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is responsible for motility in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the enzyme lysozyme?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

Question 10

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Question 11

A Gram-negative bacterium is found to be resistant to certain antibiotics due to the presence of a specific outer membrane component. Which component is this?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA storage and replication

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

It forms the basic structure of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They have an outer membrane that restricts entry of many antibiotics.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and preventing osmotic lysis

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ether-linked membrane lipids

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes that may provide antibiotic resistance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in motility by rotating to propel the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Microbial Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide and Key Concepts

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