$$ 1 \times 2 + 2 \times 2 + 10 \times 3 = 38 $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic elements required for bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 2

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 4

Obligate anaerobes are placed in an environment with high oxygen concentration. What is the expected result?

Accepted Answer

They will die due to toxic effects of oxygen.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$ 1 	imes 2 + 2 	imes 2 + 10 	imes 3 = 38 $$

Question 6

Which step in the bacterial growth curve is characterized by rapid cell division and exponential increase in cell number?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct method for measuring microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

Plate count method

Question 8

Which of the following statements about biofilms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and embedded in a self-produced matrix.

Question 9

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$ 2 $$

Question 10

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 13

Given the DNA sequence $$ 5'	ext{ATGGCTCGA}3' $$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$ 5'	ext{AUGGCUCGA}3' $$

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic transfer/recombination in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of coenzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They serve as carriers for chemical groups or electrons during enzymatic reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis driven by the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct pairing of DNA and RNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with Guanine in both DNA and RNA.

Microbial Growth, Metabolism, and Genetics: Exam 2 Study Guide

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