$$\mathrm{ADP} + \text{high-energy phosphate group from substrate} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \text{substrate}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 3

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen concentration

Question 4

What is the role of ATP in the relationship between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy shuttle, transferring energy from catabolic to anabolic reactions.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the process of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + 	ext{high-energy phosphate group from substrate} ightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + 	ext{substrate}$$

Question 7

During aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct summary of the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP from glycolysis, $$2$$ ATP from Krebs cycle, $$34$$ ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, total $$38$$ ATP

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor and does not utilize the electron transport chain.

Question 10

Which of the following is a useful end-product of fermentation that can be used to identify bacteria in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the electron carriers NADH and FADH$$_2 is $$TRUE?

Accepted Answer

NADH and FADH$$_2$$ donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which leads to ATP production via chemiosmosis.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons (H$$^+) $$across a membrane, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the catabolism of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA via beta-oxidation and enter the Krebs cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that serves both catabolic and anabolic functions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of organism type with its energy and carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Chemoheterotroph: organic compounds for both energy and carbon

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of transamination?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid, forming a new amino acid.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a biochemical test used to identify bacteria in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Catalase test (detects the presence of the enzyme catalase)

Question 18

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition prevents the overproduction of a substance by shutting down the pathway when enough product is made.

Microbial Metabolism: Chapter 5 Study Guide

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