$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down larger molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed.

Question 3

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of the overall reaction for aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 5

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 6

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O_2$} )$$

Question 7

In the electron transport chain, the movement of electrons is coupled to the movement of protons across the membrane, creating a gradient known as:

Accepted Answer

Proton motive force (PMF)

Question 8

Which process directly uses the proton motive force (PMF) to synthesize ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 11

A bacterium is found to use nitrate ($$ \mathrm{NO_3$^-} ) as $$its terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why biological oxidations are often called dehydrogenation reactions?

Accepted Answer

Because they involve the removal of hydrogen atoms (electrons and protons) from a molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of coenzymes in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Being consumed as substrates in the reactions they catalyze.

Question 14

Which pathway is responsible for the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Question 15

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major biosynthetic precursor for polysaccharide and peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 17

A mutation in the gene encoding ATP synthase would most directly affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It provides the energy for ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the integration of catabolism and anabolism in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways use energy and building blocks derived from catabolic pathways.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the assembly of the cell in bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cell assembly is a continuous process and requires nutrients and energy.

Microbial Metabolism: Enzymes, Catabolism, and Anabolism (Chapter 7 Study Guide)

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