Question 1

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy during the process.

Question 2

During a redox reaction, what happens to the electron donor?

Accepted Answer

It is oxidized by losing an electron.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reduction of NAD+ during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{NADH} + H^+$$

Question 4

Which property of ATP makes it especially suitable as the primary energy currency in cells?

Accepted Answer

It can accumulate to high concentrations without harming the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a method by which ATP can be generated in cells?

Accepted Answer

Direct absorption of ATP from the environment.

Question 6

Apoenzymes require which of the following to become functional holoenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A cofactor, which may be an inorganic ion or an organic coenzyme.

Question 7

Which enzyme class is responsible for catalyzing the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Isomerases

Question 8

A patient is given sulfanilamide to treat a bacterial infection. This drug works by:

Accepted Answer

Competing with PABA for the active site of an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Question 11

During glycolysis, the oxidation of two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) results in the formation of:

Accepted Answer

Two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Question 12

In the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are released per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is also used for the catabolism of lipids and proteins.

Question 14

Which component of the electron transport chain is a lipid-soluble, nonprotein carrier derived from vitamin K?

Accepted Answer

Ubiquinones

Question 15

What is the main function of the proton gradient generated during electron transport in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To drive ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

Question 16

Which pathway is an alternative to glycolysis for the breakdown of glucose and is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 17

A scientist discovers a new prokaryote that breaks down glucose using the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. Which of the following is TRUE about this pathway?

Accepted Answer

It is only found in prokaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for metabolic reactions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur at physiological temperatures.

Question 19

A mutation causes an enzyme to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary structure. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will lose its catalytic activity due to denaturation.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a transferase enzyme reaction?

Accepted Answer

Transferring a phosphate group from ATP to glucose.

Microbial Metabolism: Enzymes, Energy, and Pathways

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