Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the total ATP yield from the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid with $$N$$ carbons?

$$([N/2]-1) \times 5 + ([N/2] \times 12)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the ultimate function of microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To reproduce the organism

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the primary difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation in terms of the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, fermentation uses an organic molecule

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the total ATP yield from the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid with $$N$$ carbons?

Accepted Answer

$$([N/2]-1) 	imes 5 + ([N/2] 	imes 12)$$

Question 6

Which pathway produces ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH for anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 7

A bacterium is growing in an environment lacking oxygen but containing nitrate. Which metabolic process is it most likely using for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$ $$FADH_2$

Question 9

Why are steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis NOT considered substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Because ATP is used to add phosphate to glucose, not produced

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It pumps protons across a membrane to generate a proton gradient

Question 11

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor

Question 12

Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 13

A mutation disables the ability of a microbe to produce proteases. Which metabolic process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein catabolism

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 15

Which coenzyme is commonly required for transamination reactions in amino acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxal phosphate

Question 16

If a prokaryote completely oxidizes one molecule of glucose via aerobic respiration, how many net ATP molecules are produced?

Accepted Answer

$$38$$

Question 17

Which regulatory mechanism allows a cell to slow or stop an anabolic pathway when the end product is abundant?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway compared to glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is found only in prokaryotes

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells need to regenerate NAD+ during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

To allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They require energy input and precursor metabolites

Microbial Metabolism: Pathways, Energy Production, and Regulation

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