Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules.

Question 2

According to collision theory, which of the following will NOT increase the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Adding a competitive inhibitor

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} + 38\ \mathrm{ADP} + 38\ \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 38\ \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 4

Which enzyme class is responsible for catalyzing the transfer of functional groups between molecules?

Accepted Answer

Transferase

Question 5

A bacterium is found to use nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}) as $$its final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Which process is this bacterium performing?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 6

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

The end-product of a pathway allosterically inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway, decreasing further product formation.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated when a high-energy phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.

Question 8

Which coenzyme is NOT directly involved as an electron carrier in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme A

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will:

Accepted Answer

Bind to the active site and prevent substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why high temperatures can denature enzymes?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures disrupt the hydrogen bonds and other interactions that maintain the enzyme's three-dimensional structure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules that catalyze specific biochemical reactions, such as cutting and splicing RNA.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of chemoheterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

They obtain both energy and carbon from organic chemicals.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct equation for oxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 12\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP via glycolysis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated using energy released from electrons transferred through an electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that functions in both catabolism and anabolism.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of ATP synthase in chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

It allows protons to diffuse back across the membrane, using the energy released to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$P_i.$$

Microbial Metabolism: Study Notes for Microbiology

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