$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 3

A student is growing bacteria at 41°C (105.8°F), which is above their optimal temperature. What is the most likely effect on the bacteria’s enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease due to denaturation.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 5

In aerobic respiration, what is the theoretical net yield of ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

38

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use an electron transport chain, so less ATP is produced.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

FADH2

Question 8

A mutation causes a bacterium to lose its ability to regenerate NAD+ during fermentation. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate NADH and glycolysis will stop.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely INCREASE the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the substrate concentration up to a certain point.

Question 11

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of the energy investment and payoff in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP are used, 4 ATP are produced, for a net gain of 2 ATP.

Question 13

A bacterium is placed in an environment with no oxygen. Which metabolic pathway will it most likely use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC generates a proton gradient used to produce ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy and speed up reactions without being used up.

Question 16

If a microorganism lacks a functional electron transport chain, which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

It can only perform fermentation to generate ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence if the pH of the environment becomes highly acidic for a neutralophilic enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature and lose activity.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 19

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which process will their cells use to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules.

Microbial Metabolism: Study Notes

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