Question 1

Which of the following best describes a chemoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses chemical compounds as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{Light} C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

A bacterium is found to use light for energy and organic compounds for its carbon source. What is its nutritional classification?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about fermentation in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The main role of fermentation is to recycle NADH to NAD+

Question 5

Which group of organisms is responsible for converting ammonium ($$NH_4$$^+$$) to nitrite (NO_2$^-) in $$soil?

Accepted Answer

Nitrosomonas

Question 6

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve are cells most susceptible to antibiotics like penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Exponential (log) phase

Question 7

Which of the following statements about biofilms is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and immune responses

Question 8

A chemoheterotroph obtains its energy and carbon from which sources?

Accepted Answer

Chemical compounds and organic carbon

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of organism and nutritional type?

Accepted Answer

Green sulfur bacteria – Chemoheterotroph

Question 10

If a bacterial species has a generation time of 20 minutes, how many cells will result from a single cell after 2 hours of exponential growth? (Assume no cell death.)

Accepted Answer

$$2^6 = 64$ cells

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriochlorophyll is present

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents anoxygenic photosynthesis in green sulfur bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 12H_2S \xrightarrow{Light} C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6H_2O + 12S$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about microbial generation time is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Generation time is the interval between two consecutive cell divisions

Question 14

Which of the following organisms is a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria

Question 15

Which process generates the most ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a chemoautotrophic symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Giant tube worms and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of phases in a typical bacterial growth curve?

Accepted Answer

Lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, death phase

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the role of NADH in microbial metabolism is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

NADH is recycled to NAD+ during fermentation

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of biofilm formation in a hospital setting?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance to immune system attacks

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the energy yield of NADH compared to FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

NADH generates more ATP per molecule than FADH2

Microbial Nutrition and Growth: Classification, Metabolism, and Reproduction

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