Question 1

Which of the following best describes the term 'phylogeny' in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.

Question 2

Which of the following is a major limitation of the two-kingdom classification system (Plantae and Animalia) when applied to microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

It fails to distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Question 3

Carl Woese is best known for which of the following contributions to taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

Introducing the three-domain system based on differences in ribosomal RNA.

Question 4

A microbiologist isolates a pure population of bacteria from a patient sample. All the cells are genetically identical. What is the correct term for this population?

Accepted Answer

Clone

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between a strain and a species?

Accepted Answer

A strain is a group of organisms with identical genetic makeup within a species.

Question 6

Which of the following best defines a protist?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic species?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic species have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic species do not.

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of Bergey’s Manual in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

To provide a comprehensive guide for the identification and classification of bacteria.

Question 9

A hospital laboratory is trying to identify an unknown bacterium. They use antibodies that specifically bind to surface antigens of the bacterium. Which identification method are they using?

Accepted Answer

Serological testing

Question 10

Phage typing is useful for identifying bacterial strains because:

Accepted Answer

Different strains are susceptible to different bacteriophages.

Question 11

Which of the following techniques involves the use of a labeled DNA probe to detect specific DNA sequences in a sample after gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Southern blotting

Question 12

A DNA chip (microarray) is used in microbial identification by:

Accepted Answer

Detecting the presence of specific DNA sequences through hybridization.

Question 13

Ribotyping is a molecular technique that identifies bacteria based on:

Accepted Answer

Patterns of ribosomal RNA gene restriction fragments.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of nucleic acid hybridization in microbial identification?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded DNA or RNA from different organisms is allowed to pair to determine genetic similarity.

Question 15

A clinical laboratory uses FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) to identify a pathogen in a blood sample. What is the principle behind this technique?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescently labeled DNA probes bind to complementary sequences in the pathogen's genome.

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the degree of nucleic acid hybridization between two DNA samples, where $$H is $$the percent hybridization, $$S is $$the number of shared base pairs, and $$T is $$the total number of base pairs?

Accepted Answer

$$H = \frac{S}{T} 	imes 100$$

Question 17

A new bacterial isolate is found to react with a specific set of bacteriophages but not with others. What does this suggest about the isolate?

Accepted Answer

It belongs to a specific strain that is susceptible to those phages.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of serological testing in a real-world medical context?

Accepted Answer

A patient’s blood sample is tested with antibodies to determine the presence of Salmonella antigens.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to differentiate viral species from prokaryotic and eukaryotic species?

Accepted Answer

Viral species reproduce by binary fission.

Question 20

A researcher is using Southern blotting to identify a bacterial species. Which sequence of steps is correct for this technique?

Accepted Answer

DNA extraction, restriction enzyme digestion, gel electrophoresis, transfer to membrane, hybridization with labeled probe.

Microbiology Chapter 10 Study Guide: Taxonomy, Classification, and Microbial Identification

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