Question 1

Which of the following best defines microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the number of microbial cells.

Question 2

A microorganism that uses light as its energy source and carbon dioxide as its carbon source is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 3

Which type of microorganism would most likely thrive in a hot spring with temperatures above $$70^\circC$$?

Accepted Answer

Thermophile

Question 4

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about obligate anaerobes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are killed by the presence of oxygen.

Question 6

Which method would be most appropriate for directly counting the number of living bacterial cells in a sample?

Accepted Answer

Performing a plate count using serial dilutions.

Question 7

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve do cells divide at a constant and maximum rate?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 8

A microbiologist wants to isolate a pure culture from a mixed sample. Which method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Streak plate method

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a selective medium?

Accepted Answer

A medium that inhibits the growth of some microorganisms while allowing others to grow.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about catabolic and anabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways provide energy and building blocks for anabolic reactions.

Question 11

Where does glycolysis occur in prokaryotic cells, and what is the net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

In the cytoplasm; 2 ATP

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} $$

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Calvin-Benson cycle

Question 14

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen. Which metabolic process will the cells primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 15

In which part of the cell is the majority of ATP generated during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions.

Question 17

A microbiologist is testing a new medium that turns red when lactose is fermented. What type of medium is this?

Accepted Answer

Differential medium

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of hydrostatic pressure in microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria thriving at the bottom of the ocean.

Question 19

A researcher wants to estimate the number of bacteria in a water sample by measuring the turbidity. Which type of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Indirect measurement

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between oxidation and reduction in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Microbiology Exam 2 Study Guidance

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