Question 1

Which of the following conditions would most likely DECREASE the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent?

Accepted Answer

Applying the agent to a surface with a high organic load

Question 2

How does an autoclave achieve sterilization of laboratory materials?

Accepted Answer

By applying pressurized steam at 121°C for 15–20 minutes

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the net energy yield from aerobic glucose catabolism in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$38$$ ATP per glucose molecule

Question 4

Which chemical method is commonly used to control microbial growth on living tissue?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol (e.g., 70% ethanol)

Question 5

Which of the following best differentiates a bactericide from a bacteriostatic agent?

Accepted Answer

A bactericide kills bacteria, while a bacteriostatic agent inhibits bacterial growth.

Question 6

A disinfectant has a phenol coefficient of $$0.5. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

It is less effective than phenol.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between aerobic respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration consumes oxygen, while photosynthesis produces it.

Question 8

Which test detects the production of acetoin from glucose fermentation?

Accepted Answer

VP (Voges-Proskauer) test

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between sterilization and disinfection?

Accepted Answer

Sterilization removes all microorganisms, while disinfection reduces the number of pathogens.

Question 10

Which of the following organisms can survive and grow in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Aerobes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing a net gain of $$2$$ ATP

Question 12

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a stage of aerobic glucose catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 14

Which of the following chemical agents is most effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical equipment?

Accepted Answer

Ethylene oxide

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 17

A hospital is experiencing an outbreak of a spore-forming bacterium. Which method should be used to ensure complete destruction of the organism on surgical instruments?

Accepted Answer

Autoclaving at $$121^\circC $$for 15 minutes

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason why a disinfectant might fail to control microbial growth on a surface?

Accepted Answer

The disinfectant was used at a lower concentration than recommended

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the MR (Methyl Red) test?

Accepted Answer

Detects mixed acid fermentation

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct summary of the overall equation for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Microbiology Exam 2 Study Guidance

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