Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes the cell wall composition of fungi from that of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have cell walls made of glucans and chitin, while bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Question 2

A patient presents with systemic mycosis and is diagnosed with cryptococcosis. Which phylum does the causative organism belong to?

Accepted Answer

Basidiomycota

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parasitic helminths?

Accepted Answer

Extensive mechanisms of strong locomotion

Question 4

Which economic effect is associated with Aspergillus niger?

Accepted Answer

Production of citric acid

Question 5

Which of the following statements about protozoa is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular, and lack a cell wall.

Question 6

Which type of fungal spore is produced sexually and is characteristic of the phylum Zygomycota?

Accepted Answer

Zygospore

Question 7

A person is infected with a helminth via ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated food. Which transmission mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Fecal-oral route

Question 8

Which vasoactive mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 9

Which immune cell is responsible for directly attacking and destroying abnormal cells, such as virus-infected or cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Question 10

Which of the following is the first line of defense in the human immune system?

Accepted Answer

Skin and mucous membranes

Question 11

Which class of antibody is most abundant in human serum?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

What is the role of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They allow subsequent immune responses against the same antigen to occur more strongly and quickly.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of B cells in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

Interference with viral infection

Question 15

Which type of immunity is acquired by injection of antibodies from another individual and does NOT result in immunological memory?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the classical pathway for complement activation?

Accepted Answer

Initiated by antigen-antibody reactions

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the specificity of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

The variable portions of the H and L chains determine specificity.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a cytokine storm in a human host?

Accepted Answer

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health conditions.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of opsonization in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization is the coating of pathogens by antibodies that enhances phagocytosis.

Microbiology Study Guide: Fungi, Helminths, Arthropod Vectors, and Immunity

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