Question 1

Which of the following organisms is NOT classified as a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Question 2

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

They contain genetic material

Question 3

Which statement best describes binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It results in the production of identical daughter cells

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding binary fission?

Accepted Answer

It forms two new daughter cells from one parent cell

Question 5

You inoculate 50 ml of milk with 10 Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. If the generation time is 90 minutes, how many cells will there be after 9 hours? Use the formula $$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$, where $$n = \frac{t}{g}$$, $$t is $$total time, $$g is $$generation time, and $$N_0 is $$the initial number of cells.

Accepted Answer

2560

Question 6

Which statement about bacterial flagellar arrangements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous: flagella over the entire surface

Question 7

When viewed under magnification, what is the characteristic appearance of mycoplasma colonies?

Accepted Answer

Small and fried egg appearance

Question 8

Which group of prokaryotes is known for their comma-shaped structure?

Accepted Answer

Vibrios

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have ribosomes

Question 10

Which of the following bacteria lacks a significant amount of peptidoglycan in its cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 11

Gram-positive bacteria retain which type of stain due to their unique cell wall composition?

Accepted Answer

Crystal violet

Question 12

What happens when gram-positive bacteria are exposed to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of peptidoglycans is inhibited

Question 13

What is the main difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is thicker

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by an organism lacking a significant amount of peptidoglycan. Which antibiotic would likely be ineffective?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Question 15

If a bacterium is described as peritrichous, what does this indicate about its flagella?

Accepted Answer

It has flagella distributed over the entire surface

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mycoplasma are resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall

Question 17

A microbiologist observes a bacterium that stains purple with crystal violet and is destroyed by penicillin. What can be inferred about this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

It is gram-positive and has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Circular and not enclosed by a nuclear membrane

Question 19

A scientist is studying a bacterium that forms colonies with a 'fried egg' appearance and is resistant to penicillin. Which genus is this organism most likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 20

If a bacterial culture doubles every 2 hours, how many cells will there be after 8 hours if you start with 20 cells? Use $$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$, where $$n = \frac{t}{g}.$$

Accepted Answer

160

Microbiology Study Guide: Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions

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