Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which property of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$allows it to act as an excellent solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 3

In biochemistry, macromolecules are made of many units of smaller molecules. Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 4

An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through? Use the formula $$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$ where $$N is $$final cell number, $$N_0 is $$initial cell number, and $$n is $$generations.

Accepted Answer

6

Question 5

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

An organic compound

Question 6

Which process describes the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient across a membrane using energy and a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which structure in bacteria contains genes that aren’t necessary for survival but can confer advantages such as antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Question 8

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a Gram-negative cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 9

Which type of microorganism is most likely to spoil a dish with significant amounts of vinegar in it?

Accepted Answer

Acidophiles

Question 10

You have identified a new microorganism that aerobically respires and ferments. How would you classify its oxygen requirements based on this information?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 11

During which process does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Accepted Answer

During glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

Question 12

Which enzyme catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Kinase

Question 13

Which statement is true of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are a survival mechanism.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 18

Which of the following statements about Gram-positive bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick peptidoglycan layer.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient.

Microbiology Unit 1 Exam Study Guide: Core Concepts and Sample Questions

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