Question 1

Which of the following scientists is correctly matched with their contribution to microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Robert Koch – Established postulates to link specific microbes to specific diseases

Question 2

Which of the following best describes bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

The use of microorganisms to clean up environmental pollutants

Question 3

A patient is given a saline IV solution that is isotonic to their blood cells. What will happen to the patient’s red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will remain the same size because there is no net movement of water

Question 4

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have DNA located in a nucleus, while prokaryotic DNA is in the nucleoid region

Question 5

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for visualizing the detailed surface structure of a virus particle?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A molecule binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding

Question 7

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP, $$2$$ NADH, and $$2$$ pyruvate

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The cell duplicates its DNA, elongates, and splits into two identical cells

Question 9

In prokaryotic cells, where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur?

Accepted Answer

In the plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of oxidation and reduction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation: $$\mathrm{NADH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NAD}^+ + \mathrm{H}^+ + 2e^-$$; Reduction: $$\mathrm{O}_2 + 4e^- + 4\mathrm{H}^+ \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses compared to other microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

They are acellular and require a host cell to replicate

Question 12

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA similar to bacteria

Question 13

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink (plasmolysis)

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the phylum Firmicutes compared to Actinobacteria?

Accepted Answer

Firmicutes are generally Gram-positive with low G+C content

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding oxygenic versus anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenic photosynthesis uses $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} as an $$electron donor and produces $$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a microorganism and a disease it causes?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium – Botulism

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of fermentation in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It allows regeneration of $$\mathrm{NAD}^+ in $$the absence of oxygen

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system of classification?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 19

A scientist is using a dichotomous key to identify an unknown bacterium. The first step asks if the organism is Gram-positive or Gram-negative. What is the purpose of this step?

Accepted Answer

To narrow down the possible identity based on cell wall structure

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of methanogens?

Accepted Answer

They produce methane as a metabolic byproduct

Microbiology Unit 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Applications

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