Question 1

Which of the following best describes the replication strategy of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses use host cell machinery to synthesize viral components and assemble new virions.

Question 2

A researcher is studying a virus that infects animal cells and enters the host cell via endocytosis. Which step must occur before viral replication can begin?

Accepted Answer

The viral genome must be released from the capsid into the host cytoplasm.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the viral envelope?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for viral replication

Question 4

Which family of viruses is responsible for causing influenza?

Accepted Answer

Family Orthomyxoviridae

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with COVID-19. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

It is a member of the Coronaviridae family.

Question 6

Which of the following media would be most appropriate for growing strict anaerobes in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Thioglycollate broth

Question 7

A bacterium is classified as a psychrophile. What is its optimal temperature range for growth?

Accepted Answer

$$0\ ^\circ \mathrm{C} to$$ $$20\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

Question 8

Which of the following terms describes bacteria that require oxygen for growth but at lower concentrations than atmospheric levels?

Accepted Answer

Microaerophiles

Question 9

A bacterial culture is in the stationary phase of growth. Which of the following best explains this phase?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation halt population growth; cell division rate equals cell death rate.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of bacterial population size after $$n$$ generations, starting with $$N_0$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a chemical method of microbial control?

Accepted Answer

Alcohols

Question 12

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Question 13

A patient is prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Which of the following is a potential risk associated with this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of developing a secondary fungal infection

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics targeting peptidoglycan synthesis are effective against bacteria but not eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 15

Which of the following is a mechanism by which bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Production of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic

Question 16

Which of the following terms describes the transfer of genetic material between bacteria via direct cell-to-cell contact?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 17

A hospital isolates a bacterial strain that grows optimally at pH 3. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Acidophile

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason for combining multiple antimicrobial agents in treatment?

Accepted Answer

To broaden the spectrum of activity and reduce the likelihood of resistance

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Kirby-Bauer assay?

Accepted Answer

A disk diffusion test to assess antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of microbial growth in a closed system?

Accepted Answer

Growth phases including lag, log, stationary, and death phases

Microbiology Unit 2 Study Guide: Viruses, Microbial Growth, and Antimicrobial Drugs

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