Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between fungi and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are eukaryotic and have cell walls containing chitin, mannan, and glucan, while bacteria are prokaryotic and have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why fungi are important decomposers in the environment?

Accepted Answer

They absorb nutrients by breaking down complex organic matter such as lignin and cellulose.

Question 3

A patient presents with a chronic cough and chest pain after cleaning out a pigeon coop in an urban area. Laboratory tests reveal a capsule-positive yeast in the lungs. Which fungal infection is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Cryptococcosis

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of yeast reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Yeasts reproduce by budding, which may result in pseudohyphae if buds do not detach.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the growth conditions preferred by most fungi?

Accepted Answer

Room temperature, acidic pH (around 5), and high sugar or salt concentrations.

Question 6

Which of the following is a medically significant toxin produced by Aspergillus species and is known to be carcinogenic?

Accepted Answer

Aflatoxin

Question 7

A landscaper develops nodular lesions along the lymphatic vessels of the arm after being pricked by a thorn. Which fungus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Sporothrix sp.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between asexual and sexual spore formation in molds?

Accepted Answer

Asexual spores are genetically identical to the parent, while sexual spores result from fusion of nuclei from two strains and are genetically diverse.

Question 9

Which of the following laboratory methods is most useful for the initial identification of a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Direct visualization of spores under the microscope

Question 10

A patient with HIV develops a pulmonary infection after exposure to decaying vegetation. The causative agent is identified as a mold with conidiospores. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Aspergillus sp.

Question 11

Which of the following is a benefit of fungi in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation of alcoholic beverages and bread

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure labeled 'mycelium' in a mold colony?

Accepted Answer

A filamentous mass of hyphae visible to the unaided eye

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of events for the sexual reproduction of molds?

Accepted Answer

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a common treatment for cutaneous mycoses such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)?

Accepted Answer

Miconazole

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why systemic mycoses are not considered contagious?

Accepted Answer

They are acquired from the environment, usually by inhalation, and not transmitted person-to-person.

Question 16

Which of the following is a dimorphic fungus that causes disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, and is found in soil contaminated with bird droppings?

Accepted Answer

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Trichoderma in industry?

Accepted Answer

It produces cellulase used for clarifying fruit juices and stone-washing jeans.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of opportunistic mycoses?

Accepted Answer

They are caused by fungi that are normally harmless but become pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about ergot poisoning?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by Claviceps purpurea and can cause hallucinations and restrict blood flow.

Unit 2 - Mycology

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