$$Prevalence = \\frac{\text{Number of existing cases}}{\text{Total population}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'communicable disease'?

Accepted Answer

A disease that can be spread from one person to another, either directly or indirectly.

Question 2

A patient develops symptoms after being exposed to a pathogen. The time between exposure and the appearance of symptoms is known as:

Accepted Answer

Incubation period

Question 3

Which term refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period?

Accepted Answer

Incidence

Question 4

A hospital-acquired infection is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A nosocomial infection

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Touching a contaminated doorknob (fomite)

Question 6

A disease that occurs occasionally in a population is called:

Accepted Answer

Sporadic

Question 7

Which of the following best describes 'mutualism'?

Accepted Answer

Both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Question 8

A patient is infected with a pathogen but does not show any symptoms. This stage is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Subclinical (apparent) infection

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

The microorganism must be able to survive outside the host for at least 24 hours.

Question 10

Which term describes the ability of a microorganism to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Virulence

Question 11

A disease that is constantly present in a population is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of biological transmission?

Accepted Answer

A mosquito transmitting malaria after the parasite develops inside it

Question 13

Which term refers to the study of the cause of disease?

Accepted Answer

Etiology

Question 14

A person who harbors a pathogen but does not show symptoms and can transmit the disease is called a:

Accepted Answer

Carrier

Question 15

Which of the following best describes 'microbial antagonism'?

Accepted Answer

Normal microbiota compete with pathogens, inhibiting their growth.

Question 16

A patient is recovering from an illness. The stage during which the body returns to its pre-disease state is called:

Accepted Answer

Period of convalescence

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of disease prevalence?

Accepted Answer

$$Prevalence = \frac{	ext{Number of existing cases}}{	ext{Total population}}$$

Question 18

A disease that spreads rapidly and affects many people worldwide is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Pandemic

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a fomite?

Accepted Answer

A contaminated syringe

Question 20

A patient with HIV develops pneumonia due to a normally harmless microbe. This microbe is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic pathogen

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology: Key Terms and Concepts (Chapter 14)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제