$$\text{Morbidity Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of new cases}}{\text{Population at risk}} \times 100,000$$

$$\frac{20}{500} \times 1,000 = 40$$

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a non-living reservoir of infection?

Accepted Answer

Cholera in contaminated water

Question 2

A patient acquires a urinary tract infection after catheterization in a hospital. This infection is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a mode of disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance

Question 4

A compromised host in a hospital setting is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Broken skin or suppressed immune system

Question 5

Which microorganism is most commonly associated with surgical site infections in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

Which of the following precautions is specifically designed to prevent transmission of highly transmissible airborne pathogens in hospitals?

Accepted Answer

Airborne precautions

Question 7

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Zoonotic and vector-borne

Question 8

Which factor does NOT contribute to the emergence of new infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Improved diagnostic techniques

Question 9

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Publishing the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the morbidity rate for a notifiable disease?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Morbidity Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of new cases}}{	ext{Population at risk}} 	imes 100,000$$

Question 11

A hospital reports 20 cases of Clostridium difficile infection among 500 patients in one month. What is the morbidity rate per 1,000 patients?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{20}{500} 	imes 1,000 = 40$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of indirect contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

A patient acquires MRSA from a contaminated bedrail (fomite)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about vectors is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical transmission is passive via body parts

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a principal site of healthcare-associated infection?

Accepted Answer

Skin rash

Question 15

Which of the following is a nationally notifiable infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis infection

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Question 17

Which of the following is a factor that can increase the incidence of emerging infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Ecological changes

Question 18

A patient develops pneumonia after being intubated in the ICU. Which site and source of infection does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Lower respiratory tract; device-assisted

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mortality Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of deaths}}{	ext{Population at risk}} 	imes 100,000$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a key method for controlling healthcare-associated infections?

Accepted Answer

Frequent handwashing and use of PPE

Principles of Disease & Epidemiology: Spread, Healthcare-Associated Infections, Emerging Diseases, and Epidemiology

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