Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 2

During the Gram stain procedure, what is the primary reason Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that traps the stain.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A method of asexual reproduction where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 4

Which structure is primarily responsible for motility in most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 5

A bacterium is found to lack peptidoglycan in its cell wall. Which genus does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bacterial capsules is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Capsules can help bacteria evade the host immune system and contribute to pathogenicity.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

A scientist observes a bacterium with flagella distributed all over its surface. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall entirely.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 12

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 13

A bacterial population is in the stationary phase of growth. Which of the following best describes what is happening?

Accepted Answer

The rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death.

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 15

Which of the following statements about biofilms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and embedded in a self-produced matrix.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of bacterial pili?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and conjugation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism, providing energy for cellular processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of competitive inhibition in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

An inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a typical function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is supported by current evidence?

Accepted Answer

They arose from endosymbiotic bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure, Function, and Metabolism: Study Guide

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