Question 1

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is responsible for storing genetic information and is not surrounded by a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid (chromosome)

Question 2

A scientist discovers a bacterial species that survives extreme heat and desiccation. Which structure most likely enables this survival?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It provides a rigid framework to prevent lysis in hypotonic environments.

Question 4

Which component is found in the cell wall of acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium and Nocardia, and is responsible for their resistance to certain chemicals?

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid

Question 5

Which process describes the movement of materials along a concentration gradient without the help of other molecules?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 6

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents the cell from lysing?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Storage of nutrients

Question 8

Which statement correctly compares the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have bilayers or monolayers of lipid, while bacteria only have bilayers.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the movement of materials against a concentration gradient through a membrane using cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A bacterium is observed to have flagella at both ends of its cell. Which term best describes this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 11

Which structure in prokaryotes is responsible for translating mRNA and producing cellular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

Which of the following is true about plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They are short, circular pieces of DNA outside the bacterial chromosome and often contain genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 13

Which bacterial structure is a protein filamentous strand used in attachment, movement, or reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 14

Which of the following is a means of survival under adverse growth conditions, but is NOT a reproductive structure?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 15

How many rings are needed to secure the flagellum in gram positive bacteria, and how many in gram negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$2 in $$gram positive, $$4 in $$gram negative

Question 16

Which process is responsible for prokaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 17

Which of the following is a common characteristic of L-forms of bacteria and Mycoplasma species?

Accepted Answer

Lack a cell wall

Question 18

Which bacterial structure is composed of polysaccharides or lipoprotein and protects cells from phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial shape?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 20

Which bacterial structure contains photosynthetic pigments and is found in photosynthetic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide

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