Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main goal of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To intentionally modify genomes for practical purposes such as combining beneficial traits or synthesizing needed products

Question 2

Why are restriction enzymes critical tools in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, allowing for precise manipulation of DNA fragments

Question 3

A scientist wants to clone a eukaryotic gene in a prokaryotic cell. Why is cDNA, synthesized using reverse transcriptase, preferred over genomic DNA?

Accepted Answer

cDNA is generated from mRNA and lacks introns, making it suitable for expression in prokaryotes

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property of an ideal vector used in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It must be large and difficult to manipulate

Question 5

During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the purpose of the denaturation step?

Accepted Answer

To separate double-stranded DNA into single strands by heating to $$94^\circ C$$

Question 6

Which artificial method is used to insert DNA into cells by applying an electrical field to increase cell membrane permeability?

Accepted Answer

Electroporation

Question 7

A researcher uses gel electrophoresis to analyze DNA fragments. Which statement best explains how DNA fragments are separated in this technique?

Accepted Answer

Fragments are separated based on electrical charge, size, and shape, with smaller fragments migrating farther through the agarose gel

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world application of DNA microarrays?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring gene expression in cancer cells

Question 9

Why was the discovery of hyperthermophilic bacteria, such as *Thermus aquaticus*, crucial for the development of PCR?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA polymerase is stable at high temperatures required for PCR denaturation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of a probe in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

A probe is a labeled nucleic acid molecule used to locate specific DNA sequences by hybridization

Question 11

A genetically modified crop contains a gene from *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt). What is the main benefit of this modification?

Accepted Answer

The crop produces a toxin that is harmful to insect pests but safe for humans

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic privacy rights and the possibility of forced correction of 'genetic abnormalities'

Question 13

Which step in the creation of a gene library involves the use of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Generating DNA fragments by cutting the genome at specific sites

Question 14

A patient’s blood sample is tested for a viral infection using a DNA microarray. What is the principle behind this diagnostic method?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescently labeled DNA from the patient binds to complementary viral DNA sequences immobilized on the microarray

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason why doctors do NOT routinely use gene therapy to cure common viral diseases like the cold or flu?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to deliver functioning genes into enough cells to affect the disease

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why scientists cannot predict all long-term effects of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Unforeseen problems can arise from new technologies, and natural genetic transfer could spread modified genes to other organisms

Question 17

Which of the following is a multi-step process that involves denaturation, priming, and extension, and is used to amplify DNA in vitro?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 18

A scientist wants to compare the genomes of two bacterial strains involved in a salmonellosis outbreak. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting using gel electrophoresis

Question 19

Which of the following agricultural applications involves inserting a gene for salt tolerance into plants?

Accepted Answer

The plants can survive and produce fruit in saline soils, helping to remove salt from the soil

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of synthetic nucleic acids in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They can be used to create genes for specific proteins, synthesize probes, and design PCR primers

Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

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