Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The purposeful maintenance of a stable internal environment by physiologic processes opposing change.

Question 2

Which organ system is primarily responsible for the release of catecholamines and cortisol during the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis

Question 3

A patient presents with elevated blood glucose levels during chronic stress. Which hormone is most likely responsible for this physiological adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the body?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure inhibits renin release, lowering blood pressure.

Question 5

During the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, which axis dominates the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect an individual's ability to adapt to stress?

Accepted Answer

Blood type

Question 7

A researcher wants to study the physiological manifestations of stress. Which method would be most appropriate for measuring the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Electrocardiographic recording of heart rate

Question 8

Which of the following best defines 'adaptation' in the context of stress?

Accepted Answer

The ability to respond to challenges and return to a balanced state through changes in cellular features and characteristics.

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to increased blood osmolarity and acts to retain water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

A person experiencing 'intrusion' as a symptom of PTSD is most likely to report which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Flashbacks or nightmares in which the traumatic event is vividly relived

Question 11

Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic method for reducing stress?

Accepted Answer

Guided imagery

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of physiologic reserve in adaptation to stress?

Accepted Answer

It is the ability of body systems to increase their function when needed, such as increased oxygen delivery by red blood cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of social support on adaptation to stress?

Accepted Answer

Lower incidence of somatic illness and increased longevity

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the exhaustion stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Energy depletion and damage to internal organs

Question 15

A patient with chronic stress is found to have suppressed immune function. Which physiological system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Immune system

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous stressor?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure due to genetic predisposition

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism regulating blood glucose after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is released to lower blood glucose, returning it to the set point.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible multi-step scenario involving stress adaptation and feedback mechanisms?
A patient experiences chronic psychological stress, leading to elevated cortisol levels. Over time, this results in increased blood glucose and suppressed immune function. Which feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for regulating cortisol levels?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the cerebral cortex in allostasis?

Accepted Answer

It processes information and initiates neuronal pathways that help maintain stability in response to stress.

patho 7

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