Question 1

Which of the following best describes a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A virus that infects bacteria

Question 2

Which of the following viral structures is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid: can be either DNA or RNA, but not both

Question 3

A virus with an icosahedral capsid and a lipid envelope is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be easily inactivated by drying and detergents

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the cytopathic effect (CPE) observed in cell cultures infected with certain viruses?

Accepted Answer

The virus induces visible structural changes or cell death

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the lytic replication cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Attachment → Penetration → Biosynthesis → Maturation → Release

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a retrovirus infection. Which enzyme is essential for the replication of this virus?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between a lytic and a lysogenic viral cycle?

Accepted Answer

Lytic cycle results in immediate destruction of the host cell, while lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome

Question 8

Which of the following viruses is most likely to use RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during its replication?

Accepted Answer

Paramyxovirus

Question 9

A scientist is studying a virus that causes host cells to fuse together, forming multinucleated giant cells. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Syncytium formation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of viral attachment proteins?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and bind to specific receptors on the host cell surface

Question 11

A virus is classified as oncogenic if it:

Accepted Answer

Induces uncontrolled cell division leading to tumor formation

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about prions?

Accepted Answer

They are infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why RNA viruses generally have higher mutation rates than DNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases lack proofreading activity

Question 14

A virus is found to have a genome composed of double-stranded DNA and replicates in the nucleus of animal cells. Which family is it most likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

Papillomaviridae

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of protein folding and denaturing in the context of viral replication?

Accepted Answer

Proper protein folding is essential for the formation of functional viral proteins, while denaturing can render them nonfunctional

Question 16

A patient is infected with a virus that has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Which of the following statements is correct regarding its replication?

Accepted Answer

The viral RNA can be directly translated by host ribosomes

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about viral taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are classified based on genome type, capsid symmetry, presence of envelope, and replication strategy

Question 18

A researcher is studying a virus that can remain dormant in host cells and reactivate later. This type of infection is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Latent

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of viral budding?

Accepted Answer

The virus acquires its envelope from the host cell membrane as it exits the cell

Question 20

A virus is found to have a helical capsid and lacks an envelope. Which of the following is most likely true about this virus?

Accepted Answer

It is more resistant to desiccation and detergents than enveloped viruses

Study Guide: Animal Virus Replication and Key Virology Terms

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