Question 1

Which of the following eukaryotic groups is NOT commonly associated with causing disease in humans?

Accepted Answer

Algae

Question 2

What is the primary difference between an obligate pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Obligate pathogens cause disease in healthy hosts, while opportunistic pathogens cause disease mainly in compromised hosts

Question 3

Which of the following is a major reason why pregnant women should be especially careful of Toxoplasma gondii infection?

Accepted Answer

It can cause severe birth defects in the fetus

Question 4

A patient presents with fever and swelling at the site of a bug bite. Laboratory tests confirm infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Chagas disease

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the basic reproduction number $$R_0$$ for an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

$$R_0$$ = \beta 	imes D$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about face masks and Covid-19 transmission is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Face masks reduce the spread by blocking respiratory droplets from both infected and uninfected individuals

Question 7

Which vector is responsible for transmitting Chagas disease?

Accepted Answer

Reduviid (kissing) bug

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the life cycle of Schistosoma species?

Accepted Answer

Requires both a snail intermediate host and a human definitive host

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between case fatality rate (CFR) and infection fatality rate (IFR)?

Accepted Answer

IFR includes all infected individuals (including undiagnosed), while CFR only includes confirmed cases

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of malaria?

Accepted Answer

Rash

Question 11

Why do pandemic viruses typically get less severe or dangerous over time?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favors strains that spread more easily, often with milder symptoms

Question 12

Which of the following is a major reason why understanding the excess deaths metric is important during a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

It provides a more accurate measure of the pandemic's true impact on mortality

Question 13

Which of the following is a common misconception about the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?

Accepted Answer

It can only be transmitted through cat feces

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why $$R_0 is $$important during a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

It estimates how many secondary infections one case will generate in a susceptible population

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between fungi and protozoa as human pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are always multicellular, while protozoa are always unicellular

Question 16

Which of the following is the best definition of herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity achieved when a sufficient proportion of the population is immune, reducing disease spread

Question 17

Which of the following is a major symptom of Chagas disease in its chronic phase?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac complications

Question 18

Which of the following is a key reason why schistosomiasis is difficult to control in endemic regions?

Accepted Answer

The parasite requires both snail and human hosts, making environmental control challenging

Question 19

Which of the following is a major advantage of using IFR (infection fatality rate) over CFR (case fatality rate) in pandemic analysis?

Accepted Answer

IFR accounts for all infections, including undiagnosed cases, providing a more accurate mortality estimate

Question 20

Which of the following is a common route of transmission for American trypanosomiasis?

Accepted Answer

Feces of infected reduviid bugs entering bite wounds

Study Guide: Eukaryotic Pathogens, Parasitic Diseases, and Covid-19 Epidemiology

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