Question 1

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA located in a nucleoid region without a surrounding membrane

Question 2

Which two domains comprise all prokaryotic organisms, and what is a key difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea; Archaea have unique membrane lipids not found in Bacteria

Question 3

During binary fission, a single prokaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells. If you start with 10 cells and they divide five times, how many cells will you have?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 2^5$ = 320$$

Question 4

Which structure is shared by both bacterial and archaeal cells and is essential for maintaining cell shape and protecting against osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and lack an outer membrane

Question 6

Which of the following structures is used by prokaryotes for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 7

Which statement correctly describes the function of endospores in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Endospores allow bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection against phagocytosis and desiccation

Question 9

A scientist observes a prokaryotic cell with a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan and has ether-linked membrane lipids. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 10

Which of the following eukaryotic organelles is responsible for energy production through metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Question 12

Which eukaryotic cell structure can be used to distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain circular DNA and reproduce independently within the cell

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of algae?

Accepted Answer

They perform photosynthesis and can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match between a prokaryotic cellular structure and its function?

Accepted Answer

Capsule – Protection

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a fungal infection that was acquired from the environment. Which type of spore is most likely involved in transmission?

Accepted Answer

Asexual spore

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Question 18

Which of the following vesicle/vacuole types is incorrectly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Secretory vesicle: Replenishes the lipid bilayer by delivering proteins to the membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of how the bacterial cell wall can be damaged, resulting in a Gram-positive bacterium appearing Gram-negative?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to lysozyme, which hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of cocci in a chain?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus

Study Guide: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Microbial Structures, and Classification

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