Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in all bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 2

A bacterium is observed under the microscope and appears as a curved rod. Which term best describes its shape?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio

Question 3

Which of the following best defines pleomorphism in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Variation in size and shape among cells of a single species

Question 4

Bacterial flagella are powered by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Proton motive force across the cell membrane

Question 5

A bacterium moves toward a higher concentration of glucose. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 6

Fimbriae are important for which of the following bacterial functions?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 7

Which statement best describes the function of bacterial pili?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in conjugation and DNA transfer

Question 8

The glycocalyx in bacteria can serve which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Protecting against desiccation and aiding in adherence

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the components of the bacterial cell envelope?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall, cell membrane, outer membrane (if present)

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of gram-negative bacterial cell walls compared to gram-positive cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide

Question 11

Which lipid is characteristic of acid-fast bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid

Question 12

Which genus is known for being acid-fast due to its cell wall composition?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium

Question 13

Which bacterial genus lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 14

The bacterial genome is typically described as:

Accepted Answer

A single, circular DNA molecule

Question 15

Which of the following best defines a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A small, circular DNA molecule independent of the chromosome

Question 16

During which process does a vegetative bacterial cell transform into a highly resistant endospore?

Accepted Answer

Sporulation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why endospore-forming bacteria can survive extreme conditions?

Accepted Answer

Endospores contain dipicolinic acid and a tough spore coat that protect DNA

Question 18

Which two genera are well-known for producing endospores?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent lung infection caused by a bacterium that resists decolorization by acid-alcohol. Which cell wall component is most likely responsible for this property?

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the nucleoid in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A region in the cytoplasm where the chromosome is located

Study Guide: Prokaryotic Structures in Microbiology

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