Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main characteristics of a living organism?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 2

Which statement best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of glycolysis in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 2\,\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\,\mathrm{ADP} + 2\,\mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\,\mathrm{C_3H_4O_3} + 2\,\mathrm{NADH} + 2\,\mathrm{ATP} + 2\,\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for motility in many bacteria and is powered by a proton gradient?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are resistant to antibiotics like penicillin?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall.

Question 9

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink (plasmolysis).

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of bacterial capsules?

Accepted Answer

Protection against phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic ribosomes compared to prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of lysozyme on bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme breaks down peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a membrane protein

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a bacterium that lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell's genetic material.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the structure of bacterial cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have teichoic acids in their cell walls.

Study Notes: Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 3)

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