Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical icosahedral virus capsid?

Accepted Answer

A protein shell with 20 triangular faces arranged symmetrically

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a viral infection that integrates its genome into the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for years. Which term best describes this type of viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic

Question 3

Which of the following viruses is most likely to use reverse transcriptase during its replication cycle?

Accepted Answer

Retrovirus

Question 4

A scientist observes a cytopathic effect (CPE) in a cell culture after viral infection. Which of the following best describes a cytopathic effect?

Accepted Answer

Visible structural changes or damage in host cells due to viral infection

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bacteriophages are important tools in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

They can transfer genetic material between bacteria via transduction

Question 6

During the viral replication cycle, which step immediately follows viral attachment to the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Penetration

Question 7

A virus is classified as 'acellular.' What does this mean in the context of microbiology?

Accepted Answer

It lacks cellular structure and is not composed of cells

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of a viral envelope?

Accepted Answer

It helps the virus enter host cells by fusing with the host membrane

Question 9

A researcher is studying a virus that causes persistent infections and can lead to cancer in humans. Which term best describes this virus?

Accepted Answer

Oncogenic

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the process of reverse transcription in retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

$$ RNA \rightarrow DNA $$

Question 11

A virus is found to have a genome composed of double-stranded DNA. Which of the following families is most likely to include this virus?

Accepted Answer

Papillomaviridae

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of protein folding and denaturing in the context of viral replication?

Accepted Answer

Protein folding allows viral proteins to achieve their functional shapes, while denaturing disrupts these shapes and inactivates the proteins

Question 13

A patient is infected with a virus that has a single-stranded RNA genome and lacks an envelope. Which of the following viruses fits this description?

Accepted Answer

Picornavirus

Question 14

Which of the following steps is unique to the replication cycle of animal viruses compared to bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating of the viral genome inside the host cell

Question 15

A virologist is studying a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material and replicates in the cytoplasm of host cells. Which of the following best describes the likely replication strategy of this virus?

Accepted Answer

It uses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to replicate its genome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of viral budding?

Accepted Answer

The virus acquires its envelope from the host cell membrane as it exits the cell

Question 17

A virus is classified in the family Paramyxoviridae. Which of the following characteristics is most likely true for this virus?

Accepted Answer

It has a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require a host cell's machinery to replicate and produce new virions

Question 19

A patient is infected with a virus that causes rapid cell lysis and death. Which of the following best describes this type of viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Lytic infection

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of viral taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

The classification of viruses based on characteristics such as genome type, structure, and replication strategy

Study Notes: Viral Replication and Animal Viruses in Microbiology

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