Question 1

A patient presents with a skin abscess. The culture grows Staphylococcus aureus. Which antibiotic is most appropriate if the strain is methicillin-resistant (MRSA)?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Question 2

A child with untreated Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis is at risk for which serious post-infection complication?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever

Question 3

Which vaccine is recommended to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children?

Accepted Answer

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)

Question 4

A hospitalized patient develops a urinary tract infection with Enterococcus faecalis that is resistant to vancomycin. Which antibiotic is most likely to be effective?

Accepted Answer

Ampicillin

Question 5

Which of the following is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in otherwise healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 6

A patient with pneumonia is found to have Klebsiella pneumoniae in their sputum. What is a major clinical concern with this pathogen?

Accepted Answer

It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Question 7

A urine sample shows alkaline pH and strong odor. Which pathogen is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Question 8

Which food-handling behavior increases the risk of Salmonella enterica infection?

Accepted Answer

Eating undercooked poultry

Question 9

A burn patient’s wound produces blue-green pus and a fruity odor. What is the most likely causative organism?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 10

A patient develops severe diarrhea after antibiotic use. Stool tests positive for Clostridium difficile. Which infection control action is essential?

Accepted Answer

Use contact precautions and hand hygiene with soap and water

Question 11

Which isolation precaution is appropriate for a patient with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Airborne isolation with N95 respirator

Question 12

A college student with fever and stiff neck is diagnosed with Neisseria meningitidis meningitis. Which isolation precaution is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Droplet

Question 13

Which vaccine prevents Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections in children?

Accepted Answer

Hib

Question 14

A nurse finds that a patient’s wound culture shows multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Which intervention is required?

Accepted Answer

Contact precautions and dedicated equipment

Question 15

A patient steps on a rusty nail and last received a tetanus shot 11 years ago. What should the nurse do?

Accepted Answer

Give tetanus booster immediately

Question 16

A patient diagnosed with influenza asks when antivirals are most effective. The nurse replies:

Accepted Answer

Within 48 hours of symptom onset

Question 17

Which precautions should the nurse implement for an infant hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Accepted Answer

Droplet and contact

Question 18

Which statement reflects accurate teaching for an HIV-positive patient?

Accepted Answer

Consistent condom use reduces transmission risk.

Question 19

Which statement shows correct understanding by a nurse caring for a patient with Hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

Wear gloves when handling blood and body fluids

Question 20

A traveler from West Africa presents with fever and chills every 48 hours. What diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate for Plasmodium spp.?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral blood smear for parasites

Top 25 Pathogens: Microbiology Study Guide and NCLEX-Style Review

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