Question 1

Which of the following is the first biosynthetic event that occurs in cells infected with dsDNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 2

In the regulation of transcription, which DNA element is responsible for specifying the accurate start site of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiator sequence

Question 3

Adenovirus E1A protein stimulates the expression of E2 protein, which then stimulates the expression of Iva2 and L4 proteins. This regulatory mechanism is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Cascade regulation

Question 4

Which statement about polyadenylation of DNA virus mRNAs is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs after cleavage of pre-mRNA

Question 5

Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing pre-mRNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 6

What is the main function of alternative splicing in viral gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It expands the coding information of a small DNA genome

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enhancer-binding proteins in transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

They interact with the initiation complex to enhance transcription, even from distant sites

Question 8

During the transcriptional regulation of SV40, what is the function of the early and late phases?

Accepted Answer

To delay synthesis of structural proteins until DNA has been replicated

Question 9

Which modification marks mRNAs for nuclear export in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a noncoding RNA promoting viral replication?

Accepted Answer

miR-122 promoting hepatitis C virus replication in liver cells

Question 11

Which viral genome does NOT require conversion before serving as a transcription template?

Accepted Answer

Adenovirus genome

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of viral co-activating molecules in transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

Modulating transcription without binding DNA

Question 13

What is the effect of histone deacetylases (Hdacs) on transcription?

Accepted Answer

They remove acetyl groups from histones, tightening DNA and reducing transcription

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the modular organization of sequence-specific transcriptional activators?

Accepted Answer

They have separate domains for DNA binding, dimer formation, nuclear localization, and activation

Question 15

Which process expands the coding information of a small DNA genome and regulates gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 16

Which viral protein regulates export of HIV mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Rev

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of reversible N6 methylation of internal adenosine nucleosides in viral RNA?

Accepted Answer

It allows dynamic regulation of RNA function and gene expression

Question 18

Which of the following mechanisms is used by influenza virus to add poly(A) tails to its mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

Reiterative copying of A stretches of U in template RNA by viral enzymes

Question 19

Which statement about circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced by backsplicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are highly abundant in both uninfected and some virus-infected cells

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of lncRNAs on virus reproduction?

Accepted Answer

lncRNAs can increase or decrease viral replication depending on their interaction with host and viral factors

Transcription and RNA Processing in DNA Viruses

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